A Bayesian Survival Analysis on Long COVID and Non-Long COVID Patients: A Cohort Study Using National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Data

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, numerous studies have focused on the long-term effects of COVID infection. On 1 October 2021, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) implemented a new code in the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) for reporting 'Post COVID-19 condition, unspecified (U09.9)'. This change indicated that the CDC recognized Long COVID as a real illness with associated chronic conditions. The National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) provides researchers with abundant electronic health record (EHR) data by harmonizing EHR data across more than 80 different clinical organizations in the United States. This paper describes the creation of a COVID-positive N3C cohort balanced by the presence or absence of Long COVID (U09.9) and evaluates whether or not documented Long COVID (U09.9) is associated with decreased survival length.

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Publication Details

Journal
Bioengineering
Published
2025-05-07
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050496
Citations
2
Primary Topic
Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
2.78

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article

A Bayesian Survival Analysis on Long COVID and Non-Long COVID Patients: A Cohort Study Using National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Data

Johanna Loomba, Suchetha Sharma, Saurav Sengupta, Shangxia Jiang et al.
2 citations
Bioengineering
Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
2.78
article

A Bayesian Survival Analysis on Long COVID and Non-Long COVID Patients: A Cohort Study Using National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Data

Johanna Loomba, Suchetha Sharma, Saurav Sengupta, Shangxia Jiang, Jiebei Liu, Donald E. Brown, Andrea Zhou
article en
2 citations

Abstract

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, numerous studies have focused on the long-term effects of COVID infection. On 1 October 2021, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) implemented a new code in the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) for reporting 'Post COVID-19 condition, unspecified (U09.9)'. This change indicated that the CDC recognized Long COVID as a real illness with associated chronic conditions. The National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) provides researchers with abundant electronic health record (EHR) data by harmonizing EHR data across more than 80 different clinical organizations in the United States. This paper describes the creation of a COVID-positive N3C cohort balanced by the presence or absence of Long COVID (U09.9) and evaluates whether or not documented Long COVID (U09.9) is associated with decreased survival length.

BioengineeringVol. 12(5)
University of Virginia (US)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Yale University, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, University of Miami, University of Pennsylvania, Ohio State University, Emory University, Tufts Medical Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Northwestern University, George Washington University, Wake Forest University, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Chicago, University of Minnesota, Washington University in St. Louis, University of Michigan, Harvard Catalyst, Loyola University Chicago, University of Utah, University of Washington, University of Texas Medical Branch, Tulane University, Johns Hopkins University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Oklahoma, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Georgetown University, University of Rochester, University of Cincinnati, Dartmouth College, Pennsylvania State University, Rush University, University of South Carolina, Virginia Commonwealth University, Southern California Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University, Montana State University, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin Research Institute, MedStar Health Research Institute, Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Institute of Translational Health Sciences, Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance, Penn State Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Children's National Hospital, Louisiana Clinical and Translational Science Center, Ochsner Health, West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Stony Brook University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, University of California, Los Angeles, Weill Cornell Medical College, University of California, Davis, Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of California, San Diego, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, University of California, San Francisco, Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, University of California, Irvine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine, Indiana University, University of Colorado Denver, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Massachusetts, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Translational Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, South Carolina Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Institute for Integration of Medicine and Science, Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Yale Center for Clinical Investigation, Yale School of Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California, Irvine, Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Accelerated Innovation Research Initiative Turning Top Science and Ideas into High-Impact Values
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Openalex Percentile: Top 11%
Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
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