THE ISSUE OF APPLYING ARTICLE 12 2 OF THE PENAL CODE AFTER THE AMENDMENT OF 4 OCTOBER 2018

<ns3:p>The amendment of Article 12 of the Penal Code dated October 4, 2018, introduced significant changes to criminal liability for offenses against property. The addition of 2 allows for treating two or more intentional misdemeanors as a single crime if the total value of the property justifies it. The article analyzes the practical and theoretical aspects of applying Article 12 2 of the Penal Code, including its relation to the principle of ne bis in idem and the interpretation of the term “short intervals of time”. Furthermore, it discusses the amendment’s impact on judicial practice and emphasizes the need for a unified methodology in applying this provision.</ns3:p>