X-Ray Diagnostics of Esophageal Hernia in Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia

Abstract: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a widespread hematologic condition often linked to nutritional deficits or chronic blood loss. However, gastrointestinal causes—particularly esophageal hernia—are frequently underdiagnosed contributors. This study investigates the role of X-ray diagnostics in identifying esophageal hernia among patients with IDA. A total of 52 patients with confirmed iron deficiency anemia underwent upper gastrointestinal barium-contrast radiography. The results revealed esophageal hernia in 53.8% of cases, predominantly sliding hernias. A significant correlation was observed between the presence of hernia and the severity of anemia. Additionally, mucosal erosions and reflux were frequently identified among those with moderate to severe IDA. These findings demonstrate that X-ray imaging is a valuable and accessible tool in detecting esophageal hernia, especially in cases of unexplained or treatment-resistant anemia. Incorporating radiological screening into diagnostic protocols may improve detection rates and guide appropriate gastroenterological management.