An Extensible Open Source Software Designed for Virtual Reality-Based Testing and Treatment of Vision Disorders

Large-scale screening programs for vision impairments can incur substantial costs. Computer-based screening methods, which combine different measurements within a single system, can facilitate and reduce the costs of such programs. Here, we present a virtual reality (VR) software, which includes tests for the assessment of visual acuity, stereoacuity, eye misalignments, and interocular suppression as well as games targeting different visual functions that may serve as treatment methods. The software can be easily extended to incorporate new tests and games. We present a proof of concept demonstrating the functionality of the software and its applicability in individuals with impaired binocularity. We evaluate a stereoacuity test in VR based on disparity detection using contoured objects by comparing its results to those obtained by standard clinical tests, i.e., TNO, Randot, and Titmus, for 7 amblyopes and 6 healthy controls. We evaluate the applicability of a new VR-based suppression test in 10 amblyopes and 6 healthy individuals. For the latter, we exploit the effects of short-term monocular deprivation, which induce a change of ocular dominance. Finally, we outline technical limitations and discuss potential applications.