Hybrid energy storage systems: combining battery and hydrogen storage for renewable energy supply stability

Deep decarbonisation has become a top priority as global concerns about climate change intensify. To optimise the utilisation of renewable energy sources and overcome their inherent intermittency and instability, a hybrid battery-hydrogen energy storage system (HBESS) integrates batteries and hydrogen for short-term balancing and long-term seasonal storage, enhancing grid stability and ensuring a reliable energy supply. This paper analyses the key technologies of battery energy storage systems (BESS) and hydrogen energy storage systems (HESS). Additionally, this paper examines the advantages and technical feasibility of HBESS in detail, with a relevant case study. This study highlights the potential of HBESS in advancing the transition toward a sustainable, low-carbon energy future, particularly with renewable energy supply systems.