Multi-scenario power grid planning method based on sensitivity factors

To address the issue of insufficient flexibility in traditional power grid planning, this paper proposes a multi-scenario power grid planning method based on sensitivity factors. The method establishes a multi-scenario stochastic power grid planning model with the objective of minimizing the overall investment cost and operational expenses. A security-constrained unit commitment model is embedded to fully reflect system flexibility and balance. To overcome the problems of large model scale and low computational efficiency in traditional grid planning, sensitivity factors are introduced. A sensitivity model is constructed to analyze the impact of candidate line construction variables on transmission constraints, eliminating the need for nodal phase angle variables in traditional models. This decouples the power flow on lines and sections, significantly improving planning solution efficiency. Simulation results from the IEEE 118-bus system and real grid examples demonstrate that excessively pursuing high renewable energy absorption can lead to significant grid investment costs. However, the proposed method shows clear advantages in computational efficiency for medium and large-scale power systems, validating the model and method's effectiveness.