Therapeutic Effects of Edible Desert Truffle Specie ( <i>Tirmania nivea</i> ) on Hepatogastric Toxicity Induced by Aspirin Treatment in Rats

Edible mushrooms (<i>Tirmania nivea</i>: Desert truffle specie) are a nutrient-dense source of flavonoids, proteins, fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins. The current study aimed to evaluate the curative effect of an aqueous extract of <i>T. nivea</i> ascocarps against aspirin-induced gastric, liver, and kidney injuries in rats. Hepatogastric disorders induced by aspirin at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) treatment in rats and treated with aqueous extract of <i>T. nivea</i> at different doses 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg BW). <i>T. nivea</i> aqueous extract liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis showed several actives biomolecules such as quinic acid, syringic acid, O-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and vitamin C. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity revealed significant antioxidant activity (EC₅₀% = 0.6 mg/mL). Aspirin administration caused severe injuries with linear hemorrhagic lesions. The treatment with <i>T. nivea</i> extract ameliorates gastric mucosal structure. The aspirin treatment caused significant increase of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. In curative objective, <i>T. nivea</i> extract significantly corrected the disturbance of liver parameters. Rats given aspirin showed altered liver architecture, apoptosis, and inflammation; in contrast, sections of liver tissue in the rats treated with <i>T. nivea</i> extract at 25 mg/(kg·day) after aspirin administration showed normal liver architecture. A normal architecture was restored once the treatment dose was increased to 50 mg/kg. After 14 days of treatment with 100 mg/(kg·day) of <i>T. nivea</i> extract, aspirin disruptions completely collapse with development of steatosis. On contrary, one week of rat's treatment by aspirin succeed by 2 weeks without any treatment, the histological examination of the kidney showed a dilated capillary and altered Bellini tubes. Normal renal architecture was observed at a dosage of 25 mg/(kg·day) of <i>T. nivea</i>. Extract from <i>T. nivea</i> restored the renal disturbances caused by aspirin.