A planning method for the siting and capacity-setting of wind energy storage considering nodal inertia

The objective of the "dual carbon" initiative is to hasten the incorporation of renewable energy sources like wind energy into the electrical network. It is projected that the infusion of renewable energy sources that predominantly use power electronics interfaces will diminish the power system's capability for frequency response and adaptable control. It is foreseen that new energy storage solutions, particularly those that utilize electrochemical technologies, will be essential in delivering both stability and agility to the system. The paper introduces an approach to devise plans for battery energy storage systems that incorporate the concept of virtual inertia. It constructs a dynamic model concerned with the frequency stability of a system integrating wind energy and battery storage to offer frequency regulation. Moreover, it informs the placement of energy storage facilities by assessing how the inertia is distributed throughout the system, aiming to optimize energy storage sizing while reducing overall system expenses. To precisely record the rapid oscillations in frequency and the adaptability needed by a large portion of modern power systems that utilize new forms of energy, the system is represented through a strategy model that includes considerations for both frequency stability limitations and the unpredictability of new energy sources. This strategic framework accounts for the transition between different operational modes of energy storage when faced with unpredictable conditions, and it is computed by deploying a particle swarm optimization technique. Illustrative studies reveal that the suggested approach is capable of efficiently orchestrating the placement of energy storage systems, enhancing the stability of frequency in operational systems, and facilitating the utilization of renewable energy sources.