Single-Frequency Sensor for Thick Rind Fruit Quality Assessment

A sensor capable of estimating the dielectric properties of the outer and inner materials of a concentric dielectric sphere is essential for assessing the quality of thick rind fruits. This paper presents a sensor design that operates at a single frequency and is straightforward. The underlying principle of the sensor involves transmitting a microwave signal to a concentric dielectric sphere with two power levels. The low-power signal yields backscattered wave from the outer sphere, while the high-power signal provides information about backscattered wave from both the outer and inner spheres. The sensor, which operates at a frequency of 10 GHz using cost-effective components, effectively detects defects in spherical-shape fruits, e.g. mangosteens. The accuracy in classifying translucent mangosteens from normal mangosteens is 92.5 % enables effective classification of defected fruits.