OBESIDADE: FATORES DE RISCO E ESTRATÉGIAS DE INTERVENÇÃO

Obesity is a metabolic and nutritional disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat, resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. This study aims to analyze the main risk factors associated with obesity and develop nutritional intervention strategies for its prevention and treatment. The methodology adopted was a literature review with a qualitative approach, based on the analysis of scientific articles and institutional documents available in academic databases. Behavioral, environmental, and social factors related to obesity were explored, as well as different intervention strategies, including dietary reeducation programs and the promotion of physical activity. The results demonstrated that obesity has multifactorial causes, encompassing genetic, socioeconomic, psychological, and cultural aspects. High consumption of ultra-processed foods and sedentary behavior were identified as key factors in the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide. Additionally, obesity is associated with the development of various non-communicable chronic diseases, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. It is concluded that tackling obesity requires an integrated approach, combining nutritional education, public policies, encouragement of physical activity, and psychological support. Intersectoral strategies involving the government, society, and healthcare professionals are essential to mitigate the impacts of this condition and promote healthy lifestyle habits.