WOMEN BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR AND THE GLASS CEILING: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS IN THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM – THE HIGHER EDUCATION SECTOR IN ALGERIA AS A MODEL

In recent years, Algerian society has witnessed social and economic changes that have contributed to enhancing women's participation in the labor market, especially in the areas of education, health and administration.Despite the marked increase in the proportion of educated and educated women, challenges remain to women's advancement in decisionmaking positions, especially in higher education.Although women make up about 60 percent of faculty at Algerian universities, they represent only a minority in leadership and administrative positions.The glass ceiling phenomenon is one of the most prominent barriers that prevent women from advancing to senior positions, as they face invisible restrictions that hinder their advancement in the career ladder.This phenomenon is associated with social and cultural factors that reinforce male dominance in senior positions, leading to underrepresentation of women in leadership positions.Despite Algerian laws prohibiting gender discrimination at work, organizational citizenship behavior, which includes active and positive participation in the work environment, is one of the contributing factors in improving women's chances of promotion.However, cultural and social practices continue to challenge these opportunities.This study aims to analyze the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and the glass ceiling and their impact on women's career path in higher education.It also seeks to provide policy recommendations that support gender parity and remove barriers facing women in this sector, by promoting a work environment based on justice and equality.