PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY IN AL-JAHIZ THE UMAYYAD POLITICAL SYSTEM AS A MODEL

Al-Jahiz's opinion and writings are among the most important opinions that lead to the philosophy of history, which is concerned with studying history from a philosophical perspective, and studies the theoretical foundations of practices, applications and social changes that have occurred throughout history.Philosophy is a coherent intellectual system with a solid structure and design.These writings reveal the philosophy and methodological spirit that depends on accurate observation, analysis and criticism.Perhaps there is no one like AL-Jahiz in his knowledge, thought and philosophy, and this was aided by his diverse intellectual ability that made him an encyclopedist.Al-Jahiz was a Mutazilite by virtue of reason in what he researched and subjected things and matters to criticism and makes doubt a path to certainty.AL-Jahiz's position on the Umayyads had two opposing branches.He leaned towards them at one time, and attacked them at another, as he wrote in the era of Al-Mamun his letter on the Imamate of Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan, which is the same as his letter on Al-Nabita, from which the spirit of hostility between the authorities and the modernists was launched, and in which Al-Ma'mun tried to curse Mu'awiyah from the pulpits.