Comparative Review on the Current Prevalence and Distribution of Malaria Cases in Western Ethiopia: Hotspot Areas, Economic Burden, and Strategic Interventions

Background: Malaria remains a critical public health challenge in Western Ethiopia, particularly in hotspot areas such as the Wollega Zones, Gambella, and Benishangul-Gumuz. These regions experience high transmission rates due to favorable ecological and climatic conditions for Anopheles mosquito breeding. This comparative review examines the current prevalence and distribution of malaria in these hotspot areas, assesses the economic burden of the disease, and evaluates the strategic interventions implemented to combat it. Methods: A systematic review of recent studies and epidemiological data was conducted to analyze the prevalence and distribution of malaria cases in Western Ethiopia. The economic impact was assessed through healthcare costs, productivity losses, and household financial burden. Strategic interventions, including vector control, community engagement, healthcare infrastructure, and research efforts, were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing malaria transmission and mitigating its economic impact. Results: The review found that malaria prevalence in Western Ethiopia remains high, with significant seasonal variations and geographic disparities. Hotspot areas exhibit higher transmission rates due to ecological conditions and socioeconomic factors. The economic burden of malaria is substantial, affecting healthcare systems, workforce productivity, and household finances. While vector control measures such as insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) have shown positive outcomes, challenges such as insecticide resistance and logistical issues persist. Community engagement and improvements in healthcare infrastructure have enhanced the effectiveness of malaria control efforts, though further research and development are necessary to address ongoing challenges. Conclusion: Malaria continues to impose a significant public health and economic burden in Western Ethiopia, particularly in hotspot areas. A multifaceted approach that includes robust vector control, community involvement, strengthened healthcare infrastructure, and ongoing research and development is essential for sustainable malaria control. Effective implementation of these strategies can reduce malaria prevalence, alleviate economic impacts, and improve health outcomes for affected populations in Western Ethiopia.