Bangladesh-Myanmar Border: A Persistent Threat to Bangladesh’s National Security

Over the past decade, Bangladesh has made significant strides in economic development, with forecasts indicating continued growth in the years ahead. However, sustaining this progress requires ensuring national security, which has become a top priority for the government. Geopolitically, Bangladesh and Myanmar serve as a critical bridge between South Asia and Southeast Asia. Despite having less direct border connectivity with Myanmar compared to India, Bangladesh faces a range of both conventional and non-conventional security threats along this frontier. Among the most pressing issues is the ongoing Rohingya crisis, which has evolved into a matter of global concern, as well as the persistent influx of illegal drugs trafficked from Myanmar into Bangladesh. Arms smuggling along the Bangladesh-Myanmar border is another longstanding threat that has remained unresolved over the years. Additionally, Myanmar's limited cooperation with Bangladesh—exacerbated by its prolonged absence of democratic governance—has further strained bilateral relations. Compounding these challenges is the continuing instability in Myanmar’s Rakhine State, where the Arakan Army's armed struggle against the junta government poses additional security risks for Bangladesh. This article will explore these key issues in depth, along with other related security concerns, by analyzing prominent incidents and developments. Finally, the article will present a set of recommendations aimed at strengthening Bangladesh’s border security and safeguarding national stability and economic prosperity.