The Impact of Global Warming and Climate Change on Agriculture and Food Security of the World and Iran

Climate change and global warming caused by the increase of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG) are some of the most important challenges of recent years and future generations. With the beginning of the industrial revolution and changes in human life, the human need for energy and consumption of fossil fuels has increased the emission of GHGs. Climate change is one of the most important challenges facing agriculture and food security at the global level. An increase in temperature, change in rainfall pattern, occurrence of droughts, and frequent floods can lead to a decrease in the yield of agricultural products and finally food insecurity. Developing countries are more at risk due to weak agricultural infrastructure. As a country, Iran is located in the arid and semi-arid region of the world and is under the influence of serious climate changes. There are problems such as frequent droughts, reduction of water resources, increase in temperature, and change of precipitation pattern in Iran. These problems can lead to a decrease in the production of agricultural products, a decrease in water resources for agriculture and drinking water, and an increase in economic and social issues. To face this challenge, solutions such as cultivating crops resistant to drought and heat, improving the management of water and soil resources management, developing new agricultural technologies, and promoting sustainable agricultural patterns are necessary. Also, international cooperation and investment in agricultural infrastructure can be helpful. The training of farmers in adaptation methods is also of great importance. By applying appropriate strategies, food security can be strengthened against threats caused by climate change.