Cyber-Resilient Autonomous Spacecraft: A MultiDomain Resilience Framework for Deep Space Missions

This article introduces a pioneering Multi-Domain Resilience Framework (MDRF) to address the escalating cybersecurity challenges faced by autonomous spacecraft operating in the demanding and unpredictable environments of deep space. It underscores the necessity of a holistic approach that integrates cybersecurity, operational resilience, physical security, and supply chain integrity to safeguard critical missions against an array of cyber threats, including malware, data interception, and insider vulnerabilities. Leveraging insights from prominent missions like NASA's Artemis program and ESA's JUICE mission, this study highlights the limitations of traditional, isolated cybersecurity strategies and proposes a dynamic, adaptive framework focused on proactive threat detection, real-time response, and operational redundancies to ensure mission continuity. The research identifies critical vulnerabilities unique to autonomous spacecraft systems, develops a tailored threat modeling methodology, and offers practical solutions for enhancing resilience despite the constraints of space missions. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of collaboration through international partnerships, specialized training, and the establishment of new cybersecurity standards to advance the reliability and security of future deep space missions. By bridging knowledge across cybersecurity, autonomous systems, and space exploration, this article provides a foundational roadmap for building more resilient and adaptive spacecraft systems, ultimately contributing to the success and sustainability of humanity's endeavors beyond Earth.