An Overview of the Hydrocarbon Sector in India for Carbon Capture Scope

The hydrocarbon sector in India plays a pivotal role in the country's energy landscape, encompassing exploration, production, refining, and distribution activities. This abstract provides a concise overview of the sector's current status, challenges, and prospects. India's hydrocarbon reserves range from conventional to unconventional sources, with significant potential yet to be tapped. However, the sector faces challenges such as declining production from mature fields, technological limitations in exploration and production, and regulatory hurdles in land acquisition and environmental clearances. Strategic partnerships with international oil companies and technological advancements have enhanced the efficiency and sustainability of hydrocarbon operations in India. The refining segment of the hydrocarbon sector is a significant contributor to India's economy. These refineries cater to both domestic demand and export markets, employing advanced processes to produce high-quality petroleum products. Regarding distribution, India has a vast network of pipelines, storage facilities, and retail outlets to ensure the efficient supply of hydrocarbon products to consumers. The sector is also transitioning towards cleaner fuels and renewable energy sources, driven by environmental concerns and global commitments to reduce carbon emissions. By leveraging technology, fostering innovation, and adopting sustainable practices, India can strengthen its position as a key player in the global hydrocarbon market. Vipin et al. 2024 concluded in their study that carbon dioxide emissions from the mining and mineral processing industries can be used for beneficial purposes. This opens the door for further research in other sectors also i.e. hydrocarbon, which has ample opportunity and scope to cater to similar situations. Experimental work has been discussed in this technical paper, which was conducted for the carbonation of process liquor for converting CO<sub>2</sub> into Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and its further usage for leaching reagents in the industry.