Pedagogical proposals to promote learning autonomy in English teaching

English language teachers promote independent learning among their students in various ways. Some of the tools mentioned in this research are: learning contracts, learning portfolios, teaching methodologies such as project-based instruction, strategy-based instruction, the cognitive-academic approach to language learning, and small actions such as reflective dialogue with students to raise awareness about their goals and learning process. Similarly, ICTs play an important role in the development of this topic, with educational applications, websites, video platforms, blogs, and social media being some of the resources successfully implemented to promote independent learning.