Advances in paper-based biosensors for point-of-care miRNA detection

In healthcare diagnostics, paper-based biosensors are a major breakthrough because they provide a portable, affordable platform for point-of-care applications, especially in precision medicine. These biosensors combine molecular biology and nanotechnology to detect microRNAs (miRNAs), which are important indicators for diseases like cancer and metabolic disorders, with great sensitivity and specificity. By enhancing signal transduction in these devices, the incorporation of nanomaterials like graphene oxide (GO) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) improves detection limits and permits quick analysis. The capacity to identify miRNAs at picomolar levels makes it easier to diagnose patients early and start treatment. Additional factors that improve patient compliance and accessibility include their simplicity of use and the possibility of non-invasive sampling utilising biological fluids like blood or saliva. Specific miRNA signatures can be found using sophisticated detection algorithms, opening the door to customised treatment plans. The design concepts, materials, manufacturing processes, and clinical uses of paper-based biosensors for miRNA detection are the main topics of this review, which also emphasises the promise of these devices for affordable and sustainable point-of-care diagnostics. In the end, incorporating paper-based biosensors into standard clinical practice is a step towards proactive and individualised healthcare, highlighting how important early detection and action are to improving patient care.