An all-liquid anamorphic imaging system

We present a fully fluidic optical system capable of performing tunable anamorphic imaging, focusing, and zooming. It features two independently tunable astigmatic liquid lenses, which are combined in a single housing. The curvatures of both lenses are controlled by electrowetting-on-dielectrics, using a total of 64 electrodes, 32 for each lens. Continuous tuning of the anamorphic ratio from 0.81 to 1.26 was demonstrated. Optical performance was evaluated using a test chart and knife edge measurements, revealing a resolution of 22.8 cy/mm in <i>x</i> and 39.9 cy/mm in <i>y</i> direction in the image plane.