Push-out force evaluation of titanium cylinders attached to implant supported immediate provisional heat-polymerized acrylic resin with various relining material types and thicknesses.

The choice of relining resin material and connection thickness significantly influence the push-out force on titanium cylinders attached to IPHPs. Selecting appropriate resin material types and thicknesses can enhance the long-term stability and clinical performance of IPHPs, reducing the risk of fractures during implant osseointegration period.