Public Health and New Prostate Cancer Screening Strategies

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of death among men worldwide. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment, and several screening strategies have been developed to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce false positives. This study compares new prostate cancer screening strategies, assessing their effectiveness, accuracy, cost-effectiveness and impact on patients' quality of life. Methodology: This comparative observational study analyzed clinical data from men aged 50 to 75 years without a previous diagnosis of prostate cancer. A literature search was conducted to determine advances in diagnosis and treatment efficacy. Results: The results showed that the combination of PSA and multiparametric MRI increased diagnostic accuracy and reduced false positives. Liquid biopsy was a promising, less invasive tool with potential for early detection. In terms of cost-benefit, the multimodal approach proved to be advantageous, considering the costs of subsequent examinations and treatments, as well as the impacts on patients' quality of life. Conclusion: New prostate cancer screening strategies have distinct advantages and limitations. Combining methods significantly improves clinical outcomes, reducing mortality and promoting a better quality of life for patients. This study highlights the importance of a multimodal approach to prostate cancer screening and the need for continued research to validate these strategies in different populations and clinical settings.