Ecochemical and Microbiological Assessment of the Didkhevi River: Reviews of Strategies for Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Preservation in Relation to the SDGs

Objectives: The aim of this study was to research the ecochemical and microbiological status of the Didkhevi River, review biodiversity conservation and ecosystem maintenance strategies in relation to the SDGs, which are consistent with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Theoretical Framework: The study is based on theories of river water purity and protection, which affect the health and well-being of the population, emphasizing the impact of river water purity on the sustainability of the ecosystem. Method: The microbiological research included detection and identification of bacteria by mixing dehydrated nutrient soil with water samples on appropriate plates. Results and Discussion: The results of the study were evaluated in accordance with the Technical Regulations of Georgia on the „Protection of Surface Waters from Pollution“. The total number of microbes in 1 ml ranged from 4.5–6.5×10³; the coli-index ranged from 22,000 to 30,000. Pathogenic microorganisms were not detected in any of the samples. Some amounts of several types of pesticides were detected (maximum concentration: 0.0044–0.0045 mg/ml). Research implications: The ecological state of the studied area can be assessed as moderately polluted. The results also provide a basis for the development of a chemical and microbiological pollution control system for the Didkhevi River. Originality/Value: The findings and methodology of the research can be useful in the process of creating a river pollution control system and for monitoring other small rivers, supporting cleaning and rehabilitation, as well as offering practical recommendations to local residents.