Antifouling Mechanism of Multicolor-Modulated Fluorescent Perovskite Catalysts Synergistically Modulated Zwitterionic Polyurethane

Nature-inspired strategies dominate the current marine green antifouling; nevertheless, a single biomimetic antifouling strategy has limitations in a static or dynamic marine environment. Inspired by fluorescent corals and squids, this study integrated CsPbX₃/CsPbBr₃ (X = Cl or I) perovskite homojunctions with fluorescent and photocatalytic properties into low-surface-energy hydration-containing polyurethane. This establishes a synergistic biomimetic antifouling mechanism utilizing fluorescence catalysis and a low surface energy hydration layer while further exploring the regulatory principles of antifouling performance using different colored fluorescence. The presence of low surface energy facilitates the separation and transfer of homojunction charge, while the formation of a hydrated layer and homojunction significantly enhances the release of reactive oxygen species, with •O₂^- and ¹O₂ free radicals playing a crucial role. In addition, the coating can fluoresce in nine colors, with blue-green fluorescence exhibiting the most effective antifouling properties. This is attributed to the higher photon energy of blue light, which stimulates the photosensitive substances within bacteria to generate reactive oxygen species, damaging the cell membranes and DNA of the biofouling and thereby achieving an antifouling effect. This research thus provides a promising pathway for the development of highly efficient marine fluorescent antifouling coatings.