Toward Fighting COVID-19 Pandemic: Drug Candidates and synthetic strategies for triazines with potential anti-viral activities against human coronaviruses

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has had a profound global impact, resulting in widespread infections and fatalities. Despite extensive research, no antiviral drugs have been clinically approved to specifically target the virus, highlighting the urgent need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Triazine-based compounds have gained attention as potential antiviral agents due to their broad-spectrum activity and ability to inhibit crucial viral enzymes, including the main protease (3CLpro) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Their synthetic versatility allows for structural modifications that enhance potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetics, making them valuable candidates for drug development.Drug candidates for treating COVID-19 were reported. Crucial routes and novel synthetic strategies for many uptodate triazine analogs were demonstrated for further drug development to overcome this outbreak. This review explores the antiviral potential of triazine-based compounds and synthetic strategies for optimization. By highlighting their role in antiviral drug discovery, this work provides insights into their therapeutic potential for combating current and future coronavirus outbreaks.