The Possible Pathophysiological Alterations of Epilepsy and its Relation with Other Neurological Disorders

BackgroundFor people with epilepsy, the primary indicator of a lower health-related quality of life is the existence of comorbidities linked to neurological, cardiovascular, or mental illnesses, aside from seizure symptoms. Compared to the general population, people with epilepsy have up to eight times higher rates of several disorders, such as depression, cognition impairment, and heart disease. The relationship between comorbidities and epilepsy can be explained by a number of processes, such as reciprocal relationships and shared risk factors. To aid in the early detection and treatment of comorbid disorders, there is an urgent need for innovative and proven screening tools and guidelines. There is preliminary evidence that certain diseases, like depression and migraine, have a negative impact on the quality of life and seizure outcome. Aim of ReviewIn this review, we try to investigate and demonstrate the different pathophysiological alterations including; inflammatory pathways, and the relationship between epilepsy and its comorbidities (Alzheimer and depression disorders) through the latest published clinical and experimental data.Key Scientific Concepts of ReviewThrough a thorough investigation of different research papers and the obtained data, it has been shown that epilepsy is linked to other co-morbidities through different pathological alterations demonstrating that neuroinflammatory/oxidative stress pathway plays a major role in pathophysiology of epilepsy and its linking to its co-morbidities.