Effect of the Calcination Process on the Structural and Optical Properties of (Ba0.8Ca0.1B0.1)(Ti0.9Zr0.1)O3 Glass

This paper presents the characterization of two(Ba . Ca . B .) (Ti. Zr . )O glass samples with the composition 40.0BaO+5.0CaO+5.0B2O3+45.0TiO2+5.0ZrO2 (BBCZT) using various techniques. The two samples were produced through the melting quenching technique with two different methods. XRD analysis showed that both samples are amorphous. The glass network structure was analyzed using FT-IR spectroscopy, which enabled the identification of the functional groups and vibrational modes associated with the chemical bonds within the material. By applying Archimede's principle, the density ( ) and molar volume ) of the samples were evaluated. It was observed that the density of one of the samples increased (4.089 - 4.260 g/cm3), which was attributed to the conversion of BO (81.98%) to BO (89.73%) units in the material. Optical spectra were obtained to determine the optical energy gap ( ) (2.848 eV - 3.028 eV) and Urbach’s energy (ΔE) (0.262 eV - 0.247 eV), which were found to vary between the two samples due to differences in their preparation methods. The linear refractive index ( ), the dielectric constant (ɛ),