EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF AGRO-WASTE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE, LIGHTWEIGHT, AND THERMALLY INSULATING BUILDING MATERIALS

The construction industry is grappling with significant challenges due to the rapid expansion of urban populations and the resultant depletion of natural resources critical for producing construction materials. Overexploitation of resources such as natural and river sand, alongside agricultural by-products like paddy husks and sugarcane residues, has raised serious sustainability concerns. This review investigates the potential of groundnut shells and their derivatives as sustainable alternatives to conventional construction materials, including cement, fine aggregates, and coarse aggregates. It offers a detailed analysis of their physical properties, chemical composition, and environmental benefits, highlighting their applications in thermal insulation, lightweight construction, and sustainable building practices. The advantages of incorporating Agro-waste, such as reduced embodied energy, cost efficiency, and improved thermal insulation, are underscored, while challenges like the absence of standardized regulations and material quality inconsistencies are also addressed. Additionally, the review evaluates the physical, thermo-mechanical, methodological, and ecological impacts of Agro-waste, emphasizing its commercial viability and contributions to energy security. By providing valuable insights for researchers and professionals in construction, waste management, sustainable development, and recycling, this review aims to advance Agro-waste standards and foster sustainable construction practices.