A Framework for Parametric Structural Design of Topological Interlocking Flat Vaults

Topological Interlocking (TI) is a modular historic construction method of covering large spans with standardized components without connectors. The concept has now been revisited, following recent developments in parametric methods, resulting in algorithms capable of creating a large number of unique designs. However, due to structural complexities, only a few examples of TI have been embodied in mainstream permanent built projects. This paper therefore proposes a generalized framework for connecting the iterative digital design of TIs in combination with an assessment of structural integrity. The algorithm employs the principles of finite element methods to evaluate structural resilience in relation to various loading scenarios (i.e. deflections and stress), to suggest: firstly, the optimal span of the system; and secondly, the required boundary condition. This was tested on a set of small-scale 3d printed models, demonstrating that the framework creates a path beyond geometrical design, towards implementing TI into mainstream construction. It thus offers an approach to modular design focused on a sustainable circular economy.