Optimising morpho-physiological traits via micronutrient enrichment and cytokinin-mediated control in Brassica juncea

Brassica juncea, a type of rapeseed mustard, displays distinct responses to foliar applications of boron (B), sulphur (S) and phytohormones. This necessitates a thorough investigation into the resultant morphological and physiological alterations within this plant species. The application of boron and sulphur has revealed substantial enhancements in morphology and physiological functions. To elucidate these effects, a field experiment was undertaken, examining the consequences of diverse concentrations of boron (ranging from 0.5% to 1.5%) and sulphur (ranging from 0.10% to 0.20%) when applied either independently or in conjunction with the plant growth hormone, Cytokinin (at concentrations of 15 - 45 mg dm-3), via foliar application. This study is designed to comprehensively evaluate their impact on growth, physiological processes and yield attributes in the mustard crop. The experiment systematically analysed morphological, physiological, biochemical and yield-related parameters at specified intervals. These findings are founded on empirical observations. Notably, the combined application of these crucial nutrients and the plant growth hormone yielded significant and statistically meaningful (p < 0.05) increases in plant height, leaf count, leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) during the crop's maturation stage. These results underscore the discernible advantage of judiciously reducing the reliance on chemical fertilizers and concurrently integrating micronutrients and plant growth hormones. This approach contributes to environmental sustainability by mitigating the pollution associated with excessive nitrogenous and phosphatic chemical fertilizers, while also enhancing overall crop productivity.