Biochemical Profiling and Nutrient Composition of Noni Fruit (Morinda citrifolia) Puree Cultivated in Nigeria: A Comprehensive Analysis

Aims: Noni (Morinda citrifolia), a traditional Polynesian medicinal fruit, is becoming popular in Nigeria due to its reputed therapeutic properties. This study analyzes the biochemical composition of Noni fruit puree grown in Nigeria. Study Design: Whole Noni fruit puree nutritional and bio-active components were assessed. Place and Duration of Study: Ripe Noni fruit was bought from a farm at Egbeda, Ibadan, South west Nigeria. Identified at the herbarium, Federal University of Technology, Akure while analysis on samples were carried out at the Department of Biochemistry Postgraduate laboratory FUTA and Biochemistry Department Laboratory University of Medical Science (UNIMED) Ondo, between June and September 2024. Methodology: Proximate, mineral, vitamin, and phytochemical contents, along with antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, were evaluated using standard procedures. Results: Proximate analysis revealed a high moisture content of 70.98%, along with moderate levels of protein (8.35%), fiber (5.43%), and carbohydrates (14.41%). The puree also contained low levels of fat and ash. Mineral analysis indicated significant concentrations of potassium (2.43 mg/100g), phosphorus (8.26 mg/100g), and essential trace elements such as iron (0.72 ppm) and zinc (2.82 ppm). Vitamin analysis highlighted considerable amounts of vitamin C (9.94 mg/g) and vitamin B9 (10.36 mg/g), along with notable levels of vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, and E. Phytochemical profiling revealed the presence of bioactive compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids. Anti-nutrient compounds such as oxalates (10.72 mg/g) and phytates (1.89 mg/g) were also detected. The puree exhibited significant antioxidant activity, with robust free radical scavenging effects observed in DPPH and nitric oxide assays. Furthermore, the puree demonstrated substantial inhibitory effects on amylase and glucosidase enzymes, suggesting potential anti-diabetic properties. Conclusion: The study underscores the nutritional and bioactive value of Nigerian-grown Noni fruit, highlighting its potential benefits for managing oxidative stress and diabetes, supporting its broader application in health-related fields.