The impact of sports participation, spontaneous sports, and motivational factors on the physical fitness of university students in Fuzhou

The SEM results of this study support the proposed model, which explains the interrelationships among sports participation, spontaneous sports, Sports Motivation, and physical fitness. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating spontaneous sports and verbal motivation mechanisms into sports participation interventions to enhance physical fitness. The results of this study contribute to the development of more effective health and exercise programs for university students in Fuzhou to improve their physical fitness.