Antioxidant Activity, Acute Toxicity and Anti-Sickle Cell Properties of Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. (Bignoniaceae)

Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of several diseases such as sickle cell disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacological effect of four anti-sickle cell plant recipes. The extracts were obtained after decoction and maceration by homogenisation. Phytochemical was carried out using colorimetric methods. Phenolic and alkaloid content was determined using specific reagents. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and FRAP methods. Acute toxicity was studied according to OECD 423 and the antisickling effect of the extracts was studied using Emmel's method. The results obtained showed that the four (4) plant recipes contain amino acids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, saponins and sterols. The total phenolic compound contents were observed with the DbA extract recipes (36.71 ± 0.34 mg EAG/g DM; 20.20 ± 0.92 mg EQ/g DM; 31.12 ± 1.55 mg ECa/g DM) and ZHm (43.31 ± 0.92 mg EAG/g DM; 19.76 ± 1.99 mg EQ/g DM and 26.57 ± 1.6 mg ECa/g DM). Total alkaloids were more present in the JJP recipe (36.11 ± 0.16 % E.Atropine/g DM). DbA extracts (IC50 = 10.67 μg/mL and 6.45 μg/mL) generated better anti-free radical activities. On the other hand, the JJP recipe extracts caused immediate mortality at single doses of 300 and 2000 mg/kg bw. After 120 min, the percentages of inhibition were 77.09% for ESc, 72% for DSc and 83.65% for phenylalanine in the presence of 10 mg/mL of the substances tested. These results illustrate the wealth of bioactive compounds found in medicinal plants, making it essential to study the toxicity of these products before consuming them.