The State of Reliable Characterization and Testing of Solid-State Batteries
Solid-state batteries unlock possibilities for using energy-dense anodes such as lithium metal while addressing key degradation challenges. However, unresolved issues at the material and cell levels have hindered their commercialization, including variability in mechanical control and testing methodologies, a limited understanding of material behavior under operating conditions, and performance and design gaps between cells for benchtop testing and cells for advanced characterization. This perspective highlights the current state-of-the-art in testing and characterizing solid-state batteries, focusing on mechanical monitoring and controls, benchtop diagnosis and characterization techniques, and advanced operando synchrotron imaging. We emphasize the need for uniform experimental standards, scalable and practical battery cell designs to match commercial operating conditions, and integrated approaches to design advanced in situ and operando experiments to reflect realistic battery operating conditions.
Authors
- Se Hwan Park (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5579-0765)
- Neil P. Dasgupta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5180-4063)
- Ana Claus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2297-1681)
- Matthew Todd McDowell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5552-3456)
- Nicola H. Perry (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7207-2113)
- Kiwoong Lee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5919-2586)
- Elif Pınar Alsaç (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4255-9676)
- Manoj K. Jangid (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5487-7615)
- Douglas Lars Nelson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3429-0547)
- Miaofang Chi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0764-1567)
- Zhengwu Fang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0910-3714)
- Daren Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7947-9066)
- Jeff S. Sakamoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3099-462X)
- S. Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7585-5966)
- Kelsey B. Hatzell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5222-7288)
Institutions
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US)
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Princeton University (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
- Gratz College (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- ACS Energy Letters
- Published
- 2025-05-06
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c00923
- Citations
- 13
- Primary Topic
- Advanced Battery Technologies Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 8.88
Funders
- Basic Energy Sciences