Dynamics of Mixed Bursters Driven by Square Wave Current in the Pre-Bötzinger Complex

The pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC), a key region responsible for generating the inspiratory phase of the respiratory rhythm, exhibits bursting activity in its neuronal population. Mixed bursting in pre-BötC neurons has been extensively studied, with previous research highlighting its dependence on various mechanisms, particularly the calcium-activated nonspecific cationic current ([Formula: see text]). However, the role of alternative driving forces in generating mixed bursting remains an open question. In this study, we investigate the impact of a square wave current on Butera’s pre-BötC neuron model to explore its potential as a substitute for [Formula: see text] in modulating neuronal bursting dynamics. By systematically varying the intensity, period, and duty cycle of the square wave current, we demonstrate its ability to induce a diverse range of mixed bursting patterns comparable to those observed in conventional [Formula: see text]-driven models. Furthermore, we refine existing bifurcation analysis methods to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamical mechanisms underlying mixed bursting under square wave current stimulation. These findings offer new insights into the control of respiratory rhythm generation and its potential modulation under pathological conditions.