A Rare Case of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia and Suspected Acute Hemorrhagic Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Following Recent Vaccination

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) are rare autoimmune complications that may follow infections or vaccinations. We present a case of a 77-year-old male patient who developed warm AIHA and rapid neurological decline suggestive of hemorrhagic ADEM following recent varicella and influenza vaccinations. Laboratory findings confirmed AIHA, and MRI revealed multifocal white matter lesions with hemorrhagic foci. Despite high-dose corticosteroid treatment, the patient's condition worsened, and he ultimately passed away.