Disaster Recognition and Classification Based on Improved ResNet-50 Neural Network

Accurate and timely disaster classification is critical for effective disaster management and emergency response. This study proposes an improved ResNet-50-based deep learning model to classify seven types of natural disasters, including earthquake, fire, flood, mudslide, avalanche, landslide, and land subsidence. The dataset was compiled from publicly available sources and partitioned into training and validation sets using an 8:2 split. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a classification accuracy of 87% on the validation set and outperforms the traditional VGG16 model in most evaluation metrics, including precision, recall, F1-score, AUC, specificity, and log loss. Furthermore, the model effectively mitigates the gradient vanishing problem, ensuring stable convergence and robust training performance. These findings provide a practical technical reference for multi-disaster classification tasks and contribute to enhancing the efficiency of disaster response and societal resilience.