Multi-objective Model for Sustainable Tourism: Juneau and Shanghai Cases

This study examines sustainable tourism in Juneau, Alaska, and Shanghai, addressing overtourism and environmental degradation. In 2023, Juneau received 1.6 million cruise tourists, generating $375 million but straining infrastructure and accelerating glacier retreat. To tackle these issues, a mathematical model is developed using ESG criteria, SDGs, and the GRI framework. The model incorporates tourist volume, revenue, and regulatory tools (e.g., caps, taxes), with objectives to minimize environmental impact, maximize social benefits, and enhance community satisfaction. Constraints such as emission limits and seasonal tourist thresholds ensure practical relevance. Time-series data are analyzed using Fourier series and linear regression. Multivariable dynamic programming determines optimal monthly tourist numbers. Sensitivity analysis highlights the dominance of environmental and governance factors, underscoring the role of government in sustaining local quality of life. A fuzzy optimization approach addresses real-world uncertainties. A revenue allocation plan channels funds to environmental protection (30%), water (20%), waste management (20%), infrastructure (15%), marketing (10%), and community projects (5%), aligning with sustainability goals.