Assessment of Sustainability and Risk Indicators in an Urban Logistics Network Analysis Considering a Business Continuity Plan

A business-continuity plan is crucial in providing an organization with the ability to maintain operations against possible risks. Therefore, companies should consider holistic risk management to sustain their activities and enhance their capabilities. Also, sustainability is able to eliminate the number of adverse environmental effects and increase the financial and social performance of a company. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the sustainability and risk performance pillars for logistics networks, including a business-continuity plan. For this particular aim, this study considers the ten main criteria and sixty-six sub-criteria to evaluate sustainability and risk performances in logistics operations when dealing with a business-continuity plan under uncertainty. A novel and innovative four-phased integrated procedure involving a fuzzy-based AHP method with novel linguistic scales and operators is proposed. The TOPSIS technique, part of the integrated technique, is also presented to rank the alternative cities for an urban logistics network analysis. Moreover, the criteria of transportation and information infrastructures are analyzed for logistics operations. A case study of the thirty metropolitan cities in Türkiye is conducted to determine the best logistics center for a logistics firm. Several scenario analyses are performed, and a comparison study is also carried out from the literature. This study comprehensively analyzes the problem, including sustainability, risks, renewable energy and social aspects. Based on the results from the fuzzy-based AHP method, economic, safety and hazard risk are the top three main criteria. Moreover, Istanbul, Konya and Ankara are the top three alternatives for logistic networks from the results of the TOPSIS technique. Finally, managerial and policy implications are presented for policy-makers who should pay attention to the main criteria and sub-criteria in this paper for successful logistics operations dealing with the business-continuity plan when achieving Sustainable Development Goals.