Synthesis, characterization, and tribological performance of CuO nanoparticles for bio-lubricant applications

Copper oxide nanoparticles have generated significant attention due to their unique properties, making them potential solutions for a wide range of applications, including bio-lubricants. This paper describes a cost-effective chemical precipitation and calcination approach for producing high-quality CuO nanoparticles. The best calcination temperature was determined to be 1000°C, producing pure CuO nanoparticles with excellent properties. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the nanoparticles’ properties. The purest and most effective nanoparticles were obtained at 1000°C, which was chosen for further application. The study also developed a bio-lubricant using nonedible Kusum oil as the base medium, demonstrating significant advancements in its utilization beyond traditional applications. The addition of CuO nanoparticles to Kusum oil resulted in a 2.2% reduction in the coefficient of friction (COF) and a 3.8% decrease in wear scar diameter, improving the lubricants’ performance. This innovative bio-lubricant presents a sustainable and cost-effective option for a range of commercial uses, especially within the automotive industry. The cost analysis of CuO nanoparticles reduces by 66% compared to market procurement, making it a feasible choice option for large-scale production.