How Digital Technologies are Reshaping the Economy of Daoist Temples in China: An Actor-network Theory Perspective

Drawing on actor-network theory, this study delves into how digital technologies reshape the economic dynamics of Daoist temples in contemporary China. Through fieldwork at four Daoist temples on Z Mountain in southern China, the research identifies four types of agency through which digital technologies influence the economy of Daoist temples: (1) expanding the reach of religious activity announcements and fundraising initiatives, (2) enabling remote participation in religious activities, (3) facilitating fee payments and donations, and (4) increasing public exposure to Daoism. These types of agency jointly boost the abilities of the Daoist temples on Z Mountain to sell religious products and attract donations. However, the impact of digital technologies differs among Daoist temples and other religious institutions due to contextual factors such as government regulations, the reputation of religious institutions themselves, and competition among religious institutions. The findings underscore digital technology’s role as a mediator—not merely a tool—in temple economies, while highlighting the contingent nature of its impact within relational actor networks.