Development of a complex palliative care intervention for patients with heart failure and their family carers: a theory of change approach

The study provided novel insights into complex intervention development and the potential mechanism of integrating palliative care in heart failure. It outlined how the complex intervention could work and identified the active ingredients necessary for replication. The developed Theory of Change serves as a model for researchers and policymakers to use in heart failure, but also as an example of how to develop interventions embedded in and co-produced from practice.