Modeling stakeholder-associated risk networks in the life cycle of building-integrated photovoltaic projects

Purpose Building-integrated photovoltaic projects (BIPVPs) integrate BIPV technology into buildings, advancing them into green buildings while bringing new risk challenges. These risks are highly uncertain and intricately interconnected. This research aims to examine the dynamic characteristics of BIPVP risks from a network perspective and propose strategies to guide more effective risk management. Design/methodology/approach Risk factors are identified through a literature review and interviews, then categorized by life cycle and stakeholders. Subsequently, focus group discussions evaluate risk interactions, and social network analysis (SNA) is applied to visualize and calculate the risk network. Finally, expert interviews are organized to propose strategies for challenges. Findings This research revealed the high-density characteristics of the risk network in BIPVPs, indicating strong interconnections among risks. Risks in the feasibility study and construction stages were the most prominent, with developers, manufacturers and contractors occupying central roles in risk propagation. Network analysis identified eight major challenges throughout the life cycle of BIPVPs: missing policies, low acceptance, uncertain costs, weak design, material shortages, poor coordination, module failure and difficult recovery. These challenges reflected the combined influence of technological, economic, policy and managerial factors. Originality/value This research connects risks with stakeholders, enhancing risk management knowledge for BIPVPs. The risk list and response strategies offer practical guidance for project participants in managing risks effectively.