Effect of Sonication Approaches on the Silanization and Structural Quality of Multilayer Ti <sub>3</sub> C <sub>2</sub> T <sub> <i>x</i> </sub>
MXenes have attracted attention due to their high specific surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and considerable mechanical properties. Multilayer Ti 3 C 2 T x faces challenges related to restacking and agglomeration as well as its limited oxidation/degradation resistance in oxygen‐containing environments. In this study, multilayer Ti 3 C 2 T x is chemically functionalized by silanization with trimethoxy(octyl)silane while varying the dispersion approach. The impact of four sonication approaches on the success of silanization of Ti 3 C 2 T x by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, is studied. Regardless of the approach, all procedures successfully silanize Ti 3 C 2 T x , demonstrating the robustness of each individual procedure. Moreover, the various sonication approaches do not affect the samples’ morphology. The two‐step sonication approach (method B) that consists of dispersing Ti 3 C 2 T x first in isopropanol for 20 min using bath‐sonication and then dispersing them for 30 min in isopropanol/toluene/trimethoxy(octyl)silane using bath sonication notably reduces the amount of amorphous carbon in Ti 3 C 2 T x , indicating an enhanced structural quality due to the reduced amount of defective carbon. The silanized Ti 3 C 2 T x obtained using method B shows an enhanced oxidation stability, a greater hydrophobicity, and an improved stability in apolar solvents compared to pristine Ti 3 C 2 T x .
Authors
- Andreas Rosenkranz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9006-1127)
- Darío Zambrano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3484-4784)
- Eva Carolina Sañudo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9647-6406)
- Daniel Moncada (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0817-2248)
- V.M. Fuenzalida (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-4646)
- Andrés Covarrubias Correa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5110-0464)
- Adriana Blanco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2864-4778)
- Mónica Soler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-6809)
- Rodrigo Araya‐Hermosilla (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-1733)
- Esteban Araya‐Hermosilla (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4271-6886)
- F. Gracia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5266-3234)
- Franck Quero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-5242)
- Eva Tormos‐Feliu
Institutions
- Millennium Science Initiative (CL)
- Dirección de Investigación y Desarrollo (CL)
- Metropolitan University of Technology (CL)
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia de la Universitat de Barcelona
- University of Chile (CL)
- Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Advanced Engineering Materials
- Published
- 2025-05-06
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202500162
- Citations
- 5
- Primary Topic
- MXene and MAX Phase Materials
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.59