Assessing River Corridor Stability and Erosion Dynamics in the Mekong Delta: Implications for Sustainable Management

This study assessed riverbank erosion and stability along the Mekong and Bassac Rivers to propose safe river corridors and mitigate erosion risks in the Mekong Delta. Using Landsat imagery (2000–2023), field surveys, and numerical simulations, we identified severe erosion hotspots, where erosion rates reach up to 40 m annually, in the meandering sections of the Mekong River,. In contrast, the Bassac River exhibited significant sedimentation, though this trend was diminishing due to upstream sediment deficits caused by hydropower dams. Stability assessments revealed optimal safety corridor distances ranging from 20 to 38 m, influenced by local geotechnical conditions and structural loads. A significant proportion of riverbanks in Dong Thap (88%) and An Giang (48%) do not comply with conservation standards, exacerbating erosion risks and threatening infrastructure. The results of this study highlight the urgent need for enforcing conservation regulations, implementing nature-based solutions like riparian buffers, and adopting sustainable land-use planning. By addressing the interplay between natural processes and anthropogenic pressures, these findings offer actionable insights to enhance riverbank stability, protect ecosystems, and sustain livelihoods in the Mekong Delta amidst growing environmental challenges.