An Empirical Investigation of Business Intelligence Adoption in Jordanian Healthcare Organizations Using the TOE Framework

In response to the rising prominence of data-driven decision-making in healthcare, this study explores the critical determinants shaping the adoption of Business Intelligence (BI) systems within Jordanian healthcare organizations.Grounded in the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, the research systematically investigates the interplay of technological, organizational, and environmental factors influencing BI adoption.Employing a quantitative approach, data were gathered from 256 IT professionals across public and private healthcare institutions in Jordan.The hypotheses were tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), revealing that perceived usefulness, compatibility, relative advantage, top management support, and competitive pressure significantly drive BI adoption.In contrast, government support and organizational readiness exhibited no notable impact.The results underscore the pivotal role of internal capabilities and leadership commitment, while underscoring the limited influence of external institutional support in Jordan's healthcare context.By contextualizing BI adoption within a developing nation's healthcare sector, this study enriches the literature and offers actionable