Major pests and diseases threatening the future of Moroccan citrus cultivation and their potential management strategies

Abstract Citrus production plays a crucial role in the Moroccan economy. However, this vital industry faces persistent challenges from pests and diseases that threaten yield, fruit quality, and long-term orchard sustainability. Understanding and addressing these threats are critical for safeguarding the productivity and profitability of Moroccan citrus cultivation. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the most impactful pests and diseases that affect citrus orchards in Morocco which can be a model for other neighboring countries. This is based on a comprehensive survey conducted among agricultural experts and phytopathologists across the country’s primary citrus-growing regions. The findings highlight the priority pests and diseases that pose the greatest risks, offering valuable insights to support targeted management strategies and policy development. This review emphasizes the need for integrated pest and disease management strategies to safeguard the sustainability of citrus farming and to ensure the continued economic contribution of citrus to the agricultural sector and the whole Morocco’s.