Equilibrium Isotherm Studies of Bromocresol Green Dye Removal from Wastewater Using Modified Coconut Shell Adsorbent

Abstract: This study examines the synthesis and application of modified coconut shell (MCNS) adsorbent for the removal of Bromocresol Green Dye (BCGD) from wastewater as an alternative to cost intensive wastewater treatment techniques. The adsorbent was characterized for physicochemical properties, and also by utilizing Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The effects of adsorbent dosage on percentage dye recovery were assessed. Isotherm data were fitted to isotherm models such as Brouers Weron Sotolongo-Coasta (BWS), Freundlich, Jovanovich, Langmuir and Sips by employing non-linear model equations. The outcomes uncovered that the biomass has a pH (7.10  0.101), moisture content (3.50  0.110) %, volatile matter, (9.00  0.012) %, ash content (15.70  0.111) %, fixed carbon (71.80  0.001) %, bulk density (0.769  0.000) g/cm3 , surface area (1120.00  0.000) m 2 /g and particle size (300.00  0.000) µm. The adsorbent has high carbon content and a well-developed pore structure. The adsorbent possesses high carbon content and a well-developed pore structure. The adsorbent percentage dye removal efficiency (% R) was dosage-dependent. The adsorbent has maximum percentage dye removal of 95.5 % at the optimum dosage (0.4 g). The equilibrium isotherm data that fairly described the removal of BCGD from wastewater was Freundlich isotherm model with coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.8999), which suggests that the dye removal from the wastewater was multilayer adsorption on the heterogeneous surface which is more of physiosorption rather than chemisorption. By and large, the preparedadsorbent from MCNS was proficient, eco-friendly and economical in the treatment ofdye contaminated wastewater, ensuring legislative complianceand ease water reuse.