The Association Between Doctor–Patient Conflict and Uncertainty Stress During Clinical Internships Among Medical Students: A Panel Study

Although uncertainty stress reduces as internships progress, doctor-patient conflict rises. A supportive learning environment, especially from teachers, is crucial for mitigating stress. Medical schools and hospitals should implement comprehensive strategies to address individual stressors and institutional factors, considering the associations between uncertainty stress, doctor-patient conflict, and reference norm. However, the study has limitations such as a small sample size and reliance on self-reported measures, indicating a need for further research.