Algae biodiesel as a alternative green fuel: A futuristic scope

The increasing global demand for energy and the environmental concerns associated with fossil fuels necessitate the development of sustainable alternative fuels. Among these, algae-based biodiesel, a third-generation biofuel, has emerged as a promising candidate due to its high productivity, non-competition with food resources, and carbon sequestration potential. This review aims to address a gap in the existing literature by comprehensively analysing algae biodiesel production, including cultivation methods, extraction techniques, and strategies to enhance fuel properties. Furthermore, it offers a novel synthesis of the impact of algae biodiesel on compression ignition engines, focusing on combustion characteristics, engine performance, and exhaust emissions. Key findings indicate that algae biodiesel exhibits shorter ignition delays, gradual heat release rates, and longer combustion durations than conventional diesel. While engine performance remains comparable, algae biodiesel results in slightly lower brake thermal efficiency and higher specific fuel consumption. In terms of emissions, it significantly reduces CO, HC, and PM emissions but leads to marginally higher NOx emissions. The advantages of algae biodiesel, including its renewability, adaptability through species selection or genetic modification, and environmental benefits, underscore its potential as a viable alternative fuel. This review highlights the feasibility of algae biodiesel as a sustainable energy solution, contributing to the transition toward cleaner and more efficient fuel sources.